"Dadda" or Daddaism in French means rocking horse.
The movement started during the first world war in Zurich, Switzerland. It began there because there were so many artists fleeing from their own countries that were at war. They were very angry about Europe letting the war get to the stage that it did. It started with a revolt against world war 1 and moved against logic and highlighted scatological humour. It really discovered absurdity, stating if the world is going to lose all its senses and structure then so the art world followed. Urinals and bike tyres, Monal Lisa with a mo. All swipes at the norm. Dadda has cropped up again and again throughout the 20th century.
Marcel Duchamp's Fountain
References:
http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/dada.htm
http://roberthughesartloverdai.blogspot.com.au/2012/04/dada-is-so-foxtrot-ashtray-boolelsj.html
Surrealism
André Breton wrote Le Manifeste du Surréalisme in 1924 and this signalled the start of the surrealist movement. One of the most important in the history of the 20th century. He defined Surrealism as "Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express - verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner - the actual functioning of thought."
Breton did many hours of work as a psychologist and through this he sought to influence other artists by promoting taking away the subconscious mind to let the imagination flow.
Max Ernst - The Elephant Celebes
extract from:
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism
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